Insomnia Essay -- essays research papers

Insomnia comes in some(prenominal) forms and worries people of all ages, most commonly for just a night or two, but sometimes for weeks, months, and even years. Insomnia has many causes. Insomnia is a symptom, much like fever or stomachache. There three symptoms commonly shown by people who rush insomnia difficulty falling a repose, no line falling asleep but difficulty staying asleep with many awakenings, and waking up too early. Difficulty sleeping at night may be related with the following daytime symptoms sleepiness, anxiety, impaired memory, impaired concentration, and irritability.There are three basic types of insomnia. The first type is called transient insomnia -- lasting for up to some(prenominal) nights and is usually caused by excitement or stress. Adults may sleep poorly before a key meeting at work or later on a quarrel with his or her partner. Many people sleep worse than usual for the first night or two away from home, particularly if they have traveled across m any time zones. Nighttime strong physical movements, the flu or other brief illnesses may disrupt sleep temporarily.The aid one is situational insomnia. That is two or three weeks of poor sleep and is often developed during ongoing stress at work or at home. Situations such(prenominal) as job delay, divorced, serious illness or death are primary in this type of insomnia. Relief from the situation that provoked disturbed sleep or accommodation to it usually returns a pers...

Educational Philosophy Essays -- Education Teaching Careers Essays

Educational PhilosophyEducation is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. The decision to be a teacher was, for me, a natural progression from another c atomic number 18er. Although I recall as a child frequently playing school, adulthood led me to a career in nursing. Within this context, a large amount of time is spent instructing patients as to adequate care of their bodies and minds. Helping people understand vital information and aiding them in incorporation of this knowledge into their lifestyle is one of the most fulfilling aspects of a nursing career. As my first child entered public school, I found myself spending meaningful amounts of time in the classroom, assisting as needed with the students. Building relationships with them quickly led to assisting them one-on -one, and with that came the realization that I could take the best of one career and be made at applying that knowledge at something very different - the classroom. I believe that ever y child, regardless of background, has a right to a quality education. Students should be respect and allowed to explore their interests, giving them the chance to find joy in learning, rather than it becoming a task. I believe that learning should be fun, allowing students to discover what they are passionate about. As I teacher, I hope to instill a love of learning, an excitement that comes not with being able to recite facts but the efficiency to understand and build on what they can successfully comprehend. I believe the ability to question and to develop higher thinking skills to be crucial to unfledged minds. Like Socrates, I urge students to ask themselves the question What do you know? and to learn to think critically instead of accepti... ...allowing me to bring a vast arrange of experiences to the classroom. My focus is secondary schooling, ages at which students are able to begin to develop study skills and critical thinking skills that will benefit them throughou t their life. Knowledge in these subject areas is important in understanding rights and responsibilities as citizens as well as understanding the world that they live in. It is my goal to make learning an sweet task, one that inspires them through self-discovery to develop into knowledgeable young adults. To make wise choices in life, it is first important to understand what you believe as an individual and how those choices travel those around you. I hope to encourage my students to reflect upon these things, to learn, and to apply that knowledge to their lives, building continuously on the foundation that has been laid in their minds.

The Economic Quest for the Development of Cuba Essay -- Essays Papers

The Economic Quest for the Development of CubaIntroductionTo state lightly, Americans generally frown upon communist countries. Though there atomic number 18 the obvious grievances of political and ideological differences that will not be discussed in this paper, the opinions with respect to the economy have also sparked heated discourse. Those that are capitalists feel that without a free market and the power of the invisible hand, the economy will not be efficient and eventually crumble. And in most cases, this assumption was true in the twentieth century. But with Cuba, a red country, communism may not be the major factor to blame at the present. Some feel Cuba has not focused enough on industrial growth, while others say it is the lack of physical capital combined with Cubas inability to attract foreign educate investment. Yet most agree that as a minuscular third world country in todays global economy, Cuba is facing galore(postnominal) challenges to keep up with the p ace of the world. In spite of its current condition, this country still has significant economic potential. In reality, it is quite astounding to look upon Cuba and what this small country has had to encounter in the past fifteen years. At the start of the 1990s, an economic crisis struck Cuba. When the Soviet Union collapsed and the socialist bloc disappeared, Cuba, being severely reliant on this alliance, suffered immense economic consequences. The Soviet Union was Cubas trading partner and vital contributor through investments, provision of resources and technology. Because of their socialist relationship, cardinal percent of Cubas trade,... including sugar and citrus fruit was with the Soviet Union, while at the same time eighty-eight percent of Cubas i... ...d the Development Prospects of Cuba. Developing Prospects in Cuba An Agenda in the Making. London land of Latin American Studies, 2002.Monreal, Pedro. Export Substituition Reindustrialisation in Cuba Development St rategies Revisited. Developing Prospects in Cuba An Agenda in the Making.London Institute of Latin American Studies, 2002.Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas (ONE) (1999), Anuario estadistico de Cuba 1998 (Havana).Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas (ONE) (1999a), Anuario estadistico de Cuba 1998 (Havana).Saney. Isaac. Cuba A Revolution in Motion. Ed. Brenda Conroy. London Fernwood, 2004.Snow, Anita. Cubas economic growth slows. Associated Press. 21 December 2002. Academic Universe. 22 Jan. 2005 . Taylor, John. Economics quarter Edition. Ed. Jean L. Woy. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 2004.

South Sudan: Challenges Facing Africas Newest State Essay -- Diplomac

With the continued development of third-world countries becoming more of a trend, international powers expect that the world is making a large shift to wards total democracy. With the establishment of one of the worlds newest states, South Sudan has many challenges ahead of them yet to conquer in their quest of total independence. How mess one make sense of the international relations of establishing a new state. Since secession is non a new theory, we should outline and map the challenges faced by the arena of South Sudan. This term paper will provide a brief background, and discuss the challenges that are faced by the newest state of Africa. Its fundamental for international relations researchers to carefully observe and note these challenges, which can then be applied to other nations in the future.The Republic of South Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. Its current capital city is Juba, the nations largest city. Sudan (including South Sudan) was originally a part of Egypt, dating back to the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. It was later governed as an Anglo-Egyptian colony until its independence, in 1956. In 1972 following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed, which lasted until 1983. A second civil war emerged, which ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. Also that year, the Autonomous Government of South Sudan was formed. ( primaeval Intelligence Agency, 2012)On 9 July 2011, South Sudan Seceded from North Sudan, becoming an independent nation, which is not without its challenges, both internally and externally. This paper will examine some of these challenges. It can first be noted that South Sudan may not be ready for independence, as the international ... ...thor claims Oliny as new ally. BBC News. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12666585Carpenter, S. (2011, April 22). South Sudan reflections on a fragile state. Open Democracy. Retrieved March 2 , 2012, from http//www.opendemocracy.net/sam-carpenter/south-sudan-reflections-on-fragile-stateCentral Intellgence Agency (2012, March). The World Factbook Page on South Sudan. In 2012 World Factbook Online Database. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/od.htmlStoro, C. (2011, June 16). The failed state notion of South Sudan, post secession. Consultancy Africa Intellgence. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http//www.consultancyafrica.comYoung, J. (2003). Sudan firing Movements, Regional Armies, Ethnic Militas, and Peace. Review of African Political Economy JSTOR, 97(434).

Education Essay -- essays research papers

EducationIn many different ways, American cultural life during the Jeffersonian Era began to appear as a reflection of the Republican vision of the future. The Republicans had observed many modernizing trends, some of them favorable and others detrimental to their view of an ideal society. American religion began to adjust to the spread of Enlightenment philosophies. However, one of the most notable alterations was the new emphasis placed upon pedagogy. As more and more opportunities for learning arose, the nations literary and artistic life began to digress from the European influences which had governed early colonial society for years. In many respects, the new culture was the antithesis of many Republican ideals, and the new education system fell into that category. The foundation of the Republican conception of America was based upon a virtuous and educated population Jefferson himself called for a crusade against ignorance. Unmistakably, the Republicans believed that a compre hensive system of schools should be created to produce the first wave of an educated populace, which they believed was necessary to the advancement of society. Under the Republican view, all white male citizens would receive a free education. Nonetheless, they were unable to actualize that ideal. However, many of the Republican efforts to better education would in turn spur a movement later on in which an erudite society would thrive...

Education Essay -- essays research papers

EducationIn many different ways, American cultural life during the Jeffersonian Era began to appear as a reflection of the Republican vision of the future. The Republicans had observed many modernizing trends, some of them favorable and others detrimental to their view of an ideal society. American religion began to adjust to the mete out of Enlightenment philosophies. However, one of the most notable alterations was the new emphasis placed upon education. As more and more opportunities for learning arose, the nations literary and artistic life began to start out from the European influences which had governed early colonial society for years. In many respects, the new culture was the antithesis of many Republican ideals, and the new education system fell into that category. The stem of the Republican conception of America was based upon a virtuous and educated population Jefferson himself called for a crusade against ignorance. Unmistakably, the Republicans believed that a nation wide system of schools should be created to set off the first wave of an educated populace, which they believed was necessary to the advancement of society. Under the Republican view, all white male citizens would receive a free education. Nonetheless, they were unable to agnise that ideal. However, many of the Republican efforts to better education would in turn spur a movement later on in which an erudite society would thrive...

Con law essay

Introduction The capital of Nebraska High initiate blockade designed by the School Seal perpetration does non break in the initiation Clause nor does it violate Leslie Fosters or anyone elses right to Freedom of Religion granted by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The First Amendment contains the Establishment Clause which states that the government sh every in every(prenominal) make no law Respecting an establishment of religion. In an early(a)(prenominal) words the government sh in all not tolerate religion and it shall not give preference to one religion over another just it does not prohibit the governments entry into apparitional domain to make accommodations.In this bailiwick the expressive style to determine if the governments actions give up back upd religion it is required to apply the Lemon Test, created by the United States and obtained from Lemon v. Kurtzman. The Lemon Test is used to determine whether or not a display violates the F irst Amendment by endorsing religion. The first prong of the Lemon Test articulates that the governments actions must have a laic purpose. The second prong affirms that the governments action must not have the primary piece of either advancing or inhibiting religion.Last but not least, the third prong expresses that the governments action must not esult in an excessive entanglement alongside religion. To determine if the Lincoln High School sealing wax is constitutional it must pass all three parts of the Lemon Test Theretore, since the Lincoln High Seal does pass all three parts ot the Lemon Test it is proven that the seal does not violate the establishment clause nor does it violate Leslie Fosters right to Freedom of Religion. Secular Purpose A.Stated Purpose The Lincoln High School seal passed the first prong of the Lemon Test because it has a sacrilegious purpose. Although the seal contains unearthly symbolizations they are considered unsanctified because the urpose of t hem being there is to express the diversity among the students that attend Lincoln High to overall read the groom itself. For example, according to kill v. Donnelly the inclusion of a nativity scene in a city display did not infringe the Establishment Clause because the verbalise purpose was heartfelt and it was not a sham.The nativity scene was placed there to show the citys historical background. In Lincoln High School at the beginning of blueprint the seal the members of the school seal committee were instructed to design and create a seal that stand for Lincoln High and its students. The students had many arguments and disputes on how to represent the students because all(prenominal) one of them had different ideas. They did discuss other ways to represent the students but they all agreed that the best way to display the diversity of the students was by the inclusion of the religious symbols.Since the Lincoln High Muslim Societys office had been vandalized by Christian and Jewish students they suggested to add religious symbols hoping to demonstrate the tolerance and respect they felt toward the views of all the members of the Lincoln High community. The purpose, like in Lynch, was sincere and it was not a sham because they were actually aiming to represent the three most common religions in the school with the purpose to represent the students diversity not the religions the way that the government in Lynch was trying to represent the citys historical background through the nativity scene. withal, In Books v. Elkhart a depositary inscribed with the Ten Commandments stood in front of the city of Elkharts Municipal Building. Forty years after the monuments erection residents of Elkhart County, filed suit against the city alleging that he monuments presence violated the Establishment Clause. The court ruled the monument inscribed with the Ten Commandments to be secular because of its localisation of function, outside the Municipal Building, which houses the local courts and local prosecutors office. This location emphasizes the foundational role of the Ten Commandments in secular, legal matters.The court stated that a carving of Moses holding the Ten Commandments, surrounded by representations of other historical legal figures, signals respect not for great proselytizers but for great lawgivers. The court found the monument to be ecular because it was surrounded by other legal givers which minimized the religious purpose the monument of the Ten Commandments displayed to the community According to Books the court should look at the totality location of the circumstances to determine the actual purpose of the display.Like in Books, you piece of ass determine the actual purpose of the Lincoln High seal by looking at the totality of the circumstances. The religious symbols in the seal exhibit the role religions have amongst the students in the school in a secular way. Since the religious symbols in the seal are surrounded by other ecular symbols you can infer that the over all purpose is to represent the school not the religious symbols themselves. You can also determine that its meant to represent the school and its students because of its surroundings like to how the Ten Commandments in Books represents a figure of a historical law giver not a proselytizer.The religious aspect in both cases have been proven to have a secular purpose because of their historical backgrounds and the circumstances in which they are present. B. Written Purpose It can also be primed(p) that the Lincoln High School seal is secular by onsidering the leaflet that accompanied the seal. In the leaflet the members of the school committee wrote that the Lincoln High School seal is intended to represent the school, its population, Lincoln Center City and the state of Fordham.They wrote this to explain to the community that would see the seal during its inauguration what the symbols represented. In Adland v. Russ a monument inscri bed with the Ten Commandments located on capitol grounds near Kentuckys floral clock lacked any secular purpose because it was unaccompanied by any other document. Therefore because of the Ten ommandments distinctly religious nature the pre- eminent purpose for the posting of the Ten Commandments is plainly religious. According to Adland v.Russ, an gistive disclaimer can supercharge strengthen the secular purpose of a public display. inappropriate Adland the Lincoln High School Seal was accompanied with a leaflet that specifically stated the purpose of the symbols that were included in the seal which overall served to support the claim that the seal had a secular purpose. Effect 1 . Religious symbols The primary effect of the Lincoln high seal did not promote any religion over another because they used the three eligions that were abundant amongst the students.The members of the seal committee did get laid the fact that their were other religions practiced by the students who at tended the schools and that their were other ways to represent diversity but they chose religion and specifically these three because their was a handwriting of tension going on between them. They contacted one of the members in the committees father to ask about the religious symbols that corresponded witn the religions. The members dad happened to be a pastor which benefited them to contact the information they needed to represent the diversity among he students, not necessarily the religion.The students hoped that by representing all the students as a whole through these religious symbols and the secular symbols the tension would diminish and the vandalizing of the Lincoln High Muslims Societys office would be behind them. The religious symbols that were included in the seal are that Latin Cross, Star of David, and a crescent moon and star. There are religious symbols in the seal but they only take up one third of the seal and they dont antenna the religion they exhibit the di versity of the students through religion.The secular symbols integrated in the eal is the school name, school mascot, and a picture of the school. The outline of Fordham and the state flower and hissing have been included to represent Lincoln Center City. The description of these symbols is also included in the leaflet accompanying the seal. Two- thirds of the seal is made up of secular symbols while only one third of the seal is made up of religious symbols. The inclusion of these secular symbols minimize the effect that the religious symbols have on the seal alone because their are more secular symbols than religious symbols.In Allegheny v. Aclu a crche donated to the ity by a Roman Catholic group was placed on the staircase of the County Courthouse, the countys seat of government. With a banner it that said Glory to in the highes t. The Court reasoned crche stood alone and contained an unmistakable religious message. Unlike Allegheny the religious symbols in the Lincoln High s eal do not stand alone, they are surrounded by other secular symbols which gives off a secular message instead of a religious one.The secular symbols delude the significance of the religious symbols because it shows that not only the religious symbols represent the school and its students. Therefore, all the symbols are of equal importance. Also in Allegheny another display outside another government building included a menorah and Christmas tree. On the other hand that court held that the menorah and Christmas tree had a secular purpose therefore they did not violate the Establishment Clause.The court noted that the display was not constitutional simply because it included two religions. Rather, it was constitutional because it celebrated the two holidays using what the Court viewed as secular symbols. This made the display, in the Courts view a recognition of the wo holidays, instead than an endorsement of them. Like in the Lincoln high seal the religious symbols are not secular simply because it includes the three religious symbols, but because it represented the schools students and their diversity like it was stated in the leaflet.The religious symbols in The Lincoln High seal, like in Allegheny are viewed as a recognition of the religions in the school rather than an endorsement ot them. According to Allgneny , cou rts nave never required that displays with religious symbols contain a symbol of every religion to be constitutional. In other words a display that contains a religious symbol doesnt not need to have a symbol on every religion in order to be constitutional and not violate the Establishment Clause. The Lincoln High School seal does not need to have a symbol of every religion in order to be consititutional.It is obvious that their are more religions practiced in the school other than the ones provided in the school but it also needs to be recognized that those three religions are the ones that are mostly practiced among the students. The religi ous symbols dont make the secular symbols religious but the secular ymbols do make the religious symbols secular because it emphasizes what the religious symbols are actually representing which is the students and their diversity in the school. In Friedman v.Bernalillo, The case challenges a county governments use of a seal bearing, among other things, a Latin cross and the Spanish motto, CON ESTA VENCEMOS,. While the cross is the primary symbol of Christianity, the Establishment Clause does not prohibit all references to objects of some religious significance. The district court found that a secular legislative urpose is served by the county seal because it is used to promote the appreciation of the heritage, history and ethnical pride of Bernalillo County.In the Lincoln High School seal the religious symbols in are used to promote the diversity among the students and represent the school. All in all botn cases the displays nave been rul ed to nave a secular effect even though they contained distinctively religious symbols because like in Lincoln High the seals distinctive religious symbols dont endorse religion because of their purpose. 2. Secular Symbols The secular symbols in the Lincoln High School seal diminish the ffect that the religious symbols portray. In Kuhn v.City of Rolling Meadow she seal contained a church, which was considered a religious symbols. It surrounding secular symbols was a house, a family and trees. It also had city of Rolling Meadows and State of Illinois around the seal. The seal was considered constitutional because of the overall effect was not to endorse religion. The church was more than Just a religious symbol it was a historical symbol as well because of its historical background. Also the secular symbols surrounding it made it obvious so distinguish the fact that the hurch was included to emphasize the citys heritage and culture.The religious symbols in the seal werent anymore adult than the secular symbols which reveal th at they are all of equal importance. Like in The Lincoln High School seal the three religious symbols also dont endorse religion because its surrounding symbols are secular which reduce the religious meaning that the religious symbols have and make all the seals of equal importance. Like in Kuhn the religious symbols in the Lincoln High seal are not more prominent than the secular symbols in the seal and they dont ave anything special to them that distinguish their importance from the other seal.With the inclusion of the secular symbols the religious symbols in the Lincoln High seal do not have an overall effect of endorsing religion. Rather, its overall effect is to represent the diversity in the school. In FFRF v. City of Wyoming the seal contains a house a golf course, a house, a building and a chapel. In this case it was also determined that the seal is constitutional because of its secular symbols. The golf course, building, and house all represent the City of Wyoming, Michigan .

Genghis Khan

Later on in his smell, Genesis caravanserai decided that, whilst collecting his army, he realized that separating every matchless by their rank make no good sense, so he separated them thou acknowledge work blackmailt of their lineage, thus abolishing the distinction between stern b wizard and white bone (37-38 & 52-53) Genesis Khan learned how to travel long distances over long periods of time with little food or water.This benefited them hugely by letting them cross vast terrain that the resistance wouldnt expect them to cross, creating a surprise firing (86-87) Genesis Khan, after several raids, realizes that the rush to loot the germs of the overcome served as an impediment to to a greater extent complete victory. alternatively than chasing down the warriors of the raided camps, attackers nearly eitherowed them to flee and focused instead on immediately looting their camps. He distri hardlyed the goods on the same lines by which the hunting men of the quality traditi onally distri entirelyed a kill at the end of a convention hunt.This insurance non altogether ensured him the support of the poorest people in the tribe, but it likewise inspired loyalty among his soldiers, who knew that steady if they died, he would take care of their surviving families (50) 6. Mongolia and the surrounding area provided path counsels and open terrain that al woefuled Genesis Khan to sneak up on his enemies and strike effectively. Also, he loud spare a few people so they can go past to other(a) pudding stones and spread concern and panic crossways the steppes. (3-5) 7. One of the reasons that Timeline killed his older half-brother, Better, is because of how he treated Timeline.He would always steal any fish Timeline caught or killed, and would neer share his earnings with anyone. Because of this, Timeline killed him in govern to exalt his dominance, to keep his dignity, and (possibly) to keep the family from starving. (24-25) 8. Timeline had to fight J an-Kuaka, who was his and and his blood brother. Although Timeline had far less soldiers than Kumar, he used many an(prenominal) incompatible effective tactics against him, such as the tumbleweed Formation, where Mongol warriors advanced toward the enemy in divided groups silently.This caused Genesis Khans units to strike fast from a whiz direction, and flee quickly, leaving the enemy wounded but unable to retaliate before the attackers disappeared. Also, Timeline send a guard on a horse so skinny with a saddle so bad-mannered that the captors sent the horse and saddle from camp to camp in mockery to how pathetic the Mongols had become. In almost other trick, since he had far fewer soldiers than the Kumar, Timeline ordered all(prenominal) man o go under 5 campfires every night on the hills where his army camped, in order to make them seem like a oft larger army.The Mongols were gaining the advantage, but Timeline did not race to victory. The night before the decisive battl e, he told his men to catch some Zs soundly. This is due to the fear inside the Anima, who began to flee in the night. However, Genesis knew that their only when escape route was down the steep backside of a mountain, and, unable to see, the fleeing men and their horses fell into the gorge. The next morning, Genesis Khan good defeated the remaining threats, causing Kumar to disappear into the forest. Timeline executed Kumars betrayers on the principle that betrayal merits the harshest punishment.The undercover History states that Timeline offered renewal of their brotherhood, but Kumar insisted that just as on that point was room for only one sun in the sky, there was room only for one Mongol lord. He asked to be executed by dying a noble death without the spilling of blood. His request was granted by having his back broken by Tenniss soldiers. It is said that Timeline buried Kumar in the golden roast that he had given to Kumar when they formed their bond of brotherhood. (61-6 4) 9. The Mongols were effective in expanding their empire, and used any techniques to do so.These techniques were acquired by Genesis Khans observations of his enemies take in charges to use one or to a greater extent techniques to attack the Mongols. After he conquered empire after empire, he would spare one or more than people that helped create/develop the machinery/ maneuvers/techniques and would use them against other empires, keeping one or more of the engineers with him during invasions for quick assembling for a swift encounter. Genesis to a fault snuck up on other enemies that, out of vestal fear and loyalty, they agreed to side with Genesis and bring more goods to the people of Mongolia, thus benefiting the ranking of Mongols.This instilled fear into Genesis Khans enemies, and spread word of his terror crosswise the steppes. This increased his dominance and his reign, and whenever people fled to other places to warn them of the unstoppable army of Genesis Khan, it only supply his hunger for victory with the fear of every empire that would soon be conquered, stolen, and destroyed by the tenacious hands of Genesis Khan. (81-84) 10. Mongol conquests resulted in some of the most destructive wars in human history.In Iran, the Mongol invasion resulted in extermination, distemper, and destruction of irrigation yester resulting in mass emigration, famine, and drastic population decline. The Mongols differed drastically from their opponents in the sense of warfare. The Mongols used a class of attacks, techniques and maneuvers to successfully attack their enemies. The Mongols were viewed as ruthless, brutal and bloodthirsty. In a way, they are ruthless, but their tactics for fighting were far more successful than their civilized opponents, which gave them an enormous advantage, and thus qualification domination imminent.The spread of word about the Mongols helped others know about the coming of he Mongol army, and would even make many people flee towar ds them in submission. (144-147) 1 . The Mongols encounters with religion had a large effect on their lives. Religious tolerance was evident in their society, so there were many people of incompatible religions. Christianity was viewed as a praised, popular religion by some, but also as a group of hatred by others, due to the killing of Jews by Christians. The Mongols had a system of religious liberty they required that the needs of the empire be served before there own, however.Christianity was spread effectively around multiple areas, but the Mongols, for the most art, kept their religion and beliefs alive, not letting anything else alter that. (219 and pages from Chi. 9-10) 2. In the book, the Christian Crusaders, when they took cities such as Antioch in 1 098 and Jerusalem in 1 099, slaughtered the Jews and Muslims without regard for age or gender, but merely because of their religion. (116) 3. Genesis Khan used brute force to conquer his enemies. He would destroy empires and steal wealth afterwards. Chablis Khan, however, was no Genesis Khan.Chablis, even without the military skills of his grandfather, had clearly outsmarted everyone in his family. He possessed a keen strategic talent and he skill to have, and implement, good ideas he applied these skills to the management of his territory, and its expansion toward the south. In the end, he proved able to fulfil though public politics what his grandfather had not been able to achieve through brute force the conquest and unification of all Chine, the most thickly settled country on earth. (195) 4. Traditionally, merchants were accorded a relatively low social status in China.The Mongols, however, had a more favorable place toward merchants and commerce -? their nomadic way of life, which is much reliant on trade with sedentary peoples, ad caused them to recognize the importance of trade from the very earliest times. Thus, the Mongols worked to improve the social status of merchants and traders passi m their domains. The Mongols always favored trade. Their nomadic way of life caused them to recognize the importance of trade from the very earliest times and, unlike the Chinese, they had a positive attitude toward merchants and commerce.Support for trade characterized not only Mongol policy in China but their policy throughout their domains. The Mongols even tried to introduce wallpaper coin -? though this would come merely a failed experiment. Nonetheless, the attempt indicates the desire of the Mongols to provide additional assistance to traders. (250) 5. In the Mongolia Empire, there were commonplace principles/innovations that they created during their rule. Some of these included paper money, international law, diplomatic immunity, primacy of the state over the church, and freedom of religion.These innovations have all led to our advantages in todays contemporary lifestyle Paper money is used all around the world, do it one of the most common forms of currency used world wide international away is used to keep order and peace for everyone diplomatic immunity is used where there are rulers/leaders, making them immune to lawsuit/ prosecution under that host countrys laws freedom of religion, which is greatly used today, helps prevent religious prosecution in our society, and lets people freely practice and be proud of their beliefs. (236) 6.As the people infected with the bubonic plague died, they infected those around them by violent coughing, act reflexively and gasping. When the plague broke out in Mongolia and China, the Mongols brought the disease north with them. The disease was carried by fleas, but, even though they dont normally come in contact with humans, they traveled in the food crates of the Mongols. Also, China functioned as the manufacturing marrow squash of the Mongol World System, and as the goods poured out of China, the disease followed, seemingly spreading in all directions at once.By 1338 the plague crossed from China over th e colossus Shaman Mountains. The same Mongol roads and caravans that knitted together the Eurasian world of the thirteenth and ordinal centuries moved more than mere silk and spices. The roads set up by the Mongols for merchants also served as the accidental transfer point for the fleas and, thereby, for the disease itself. With all the princely fabrics and more, the caravans brought the fleas that spread the plague from one camp to another, one village to another, one city to another, and one continent to another.In the sixty years from 1340 until 1400, the population of Asia declined from 238 million to 201 million inhabitants, and Europe from 75 million to 52 million. (242-245) 7. sexual practice the widespread influences from the paper and printing, gunpowder and firearms, and the spread of the navigational compass and other maritime equipment, Europeans experienced a Renaissance, literally a rebirth, but it was not the antediluvian patriarch world of Greece and Rome being reborn It was the Mongol Empire, picked up, transferred, and adapted by the Europeans to their own needs and culture.The paintings overlap a common source in the work of Ghetto did Bonded and his disciples. Although the frescoes of the church depicted events from the life of Christ, more than a thousand years before the Mongol Empire, only shortly before Mongol contact, the artists depicted many of their subjects as Mongols or used Mongol dress and cloth for them. The artists placed Mongols in a variety of Christian paintings with their distinctive clothing, headgear, and bows.Genghis KhanLater on in his life, Genesis Khan decided that, whilst assembling his army, he realized that separating everyone by their rank made no sense, so he separated them thou acknowledgement of their lineage, thus abolishing the distinction between black bone and white bone (37-38 & 52-53) Genesis Khan learned how to travel long distances over long periods of time with little food or water.This benefit ed them tremendously by letting them cross vast terrain that the enemy wouldnt expect them to cross, creating a surprise attack (86-87) Genesis Khan, after several raids, realizes that the rush to loot the germs of the defeated served as an impediment to more complete victory. Rather than chasing down the warriors of the raided camps, attackers nearly allowed them to flee and focused instead on immediately looting their camps. He distributed the goods along the same lines by which the hunting men of the forest traditionally distributed a kill at the end of a group hunt.This policy not only ensured him the support of the poorest people in the tribe, but it also inspired loyalty among his soldiers, who knew that even if they died, he would take care of their surviving families (50) 6. Mongolia and the surrounding area provided pathways and uncrossed terrain that allowed Genesis Khan to sneak up on his enemies and strike effectively. Also, he loud spare a few people so they can run to other empires and spread fear and panic across the steppes. (3-5) 7. One of the reasons that Timeline killed his older half-brother, Better, is because of how he treated Timeline.He would always steal any fish Timeline caught or killed, and would never share his earnings with anyone. Because of this, Timeline killed him in order to proclaim his dominance, to keep his dignity, and (possibly) to keep the family from starving. (24-25) 8. Timeline had to fight Jan-Kuaka, who was his and and his blood brother. Although Timeline had far less soldiers than Kumar, he used many different effective tactics against him, such as the Tumbleweed Formation, where Mongol warriors advanced toward the enemy in divided groups silently.This caused Genesis Khans units to strike fast from a single direction, and flee quickly, leaving the enemy wounded but unable to retaliate before the attackers disappeared. Also, Timeline send a guard on a horse so skinny with a saddle so primitive that the captors sent the horse and saddle from camp to camp in mockery to how pathetic the Mongols had become. In another trick, since he had far fewer soldiers than the Kumar, Timeline ordered each man o set 5 campfires every night on the hills where his army camped, in order to make them seem like a much larger army.The Mongols were gaining the advantage, but Timeline did not race to victory. The night before the decisive battle, he told his men to sleep soundly. This is due to the fear inside the Anima, who began to flee in the night. However, Genesis knew that their only escape route was down the steep backside of a mountain, and, unable to see, the fleeing men and their horses fell into the gorge. The next morning, Genesis Khan easily defeated the remaining threats, causing Kumar to disappear into the forest. Timeline executed Kumars betrayers on the principle that betrayal merits the harshest punishment.The Secret History states that Timeline offered renewal of their brotherhood, but Kumar insist ed that just as there was room for only one sun in the sky, there was room only for one Mongol lord. He asked to be executed by dying a noble death without the spilling of blood. His request was granted by having his back broken by Tenniss soldiers. It is said that Timeline buried Kumar in the golden belt that he had given to Kumar when they formed their bond of brotherhood. (61-64) 9. The Mongols were effective in expanding their empire, and used any techniques to do so.These techniques were acquired by Genesis Khans observations of his enemies attempts to use one or more techniques to attack the Mongols. After he conquered empire after empire, he would spare one or more people that helped create/develop the machinery/ maneuvers/techniques and would use them against other empires, keeping one or more of the engineers with him during invasions for quick assembling for a swift encounter. Genesis also snuck up on other enemies that, out of pure fear and loyalty, they agreed to side wi th Genesis and bring more goods to the people of Mongolia, thus benefiting the ranking of Mongols.This instilled fear into Genesis Khans enemies, and spread word of his terror across the steppes. This increased his dominance and his reign, and whenever people fled to other places to warn them of the unstoppable army of Genesis Khan, it only fueled his hunger for victory with the fear of every empire that would soon be conquered, stolen, and destroyed by the tenacious hands of Genesis Khan. (81-84) 10. Mongol conquests resulted in some of the most destructive wars in human history.In Iran, the Mongol invasion resulted in extermination, disease, and destruction of irrigation yester resulting in mass emigration, famine, and drastic population decline. The Mongols differed drastically from their opponents in the sense of warfare. The Mongols used a variety of attacks, techniques and maneuvers to successfully attack their enemies. The Mongols were viewed as ruthless, brutal and bloodthir sty. In a way, they are ruthless, but their tactics for fighting were far more successful than their civilized opponents, which gave them an enormous advantage, and thus making domination imminent.The spread of word about the Mongols helped others know about the coming of he Mongol army, and would even make many people flee towards them in submission. (144-147) 1 . The Mongols encounters with religion had a large effect on their lives. Religious tolerance was evident in their society, so there were many people of different religions. Christianity was viewed as a praised, popular religion by some, but also as a group of hatred by others, due to the killing of Jews by Christians. The Mongols had a system of religious freedom they required that the needs of the empire be served before there own, however.Christianity was spread effectively around multiple areas, but the Mongols, for the most art, kept their religion and beliefs alive, not letting anything else alter that. (219 and pages from Chi. 9-10) 2. In the book, the Christian Crusaders, when they took cities such as Antioch in 1 098 and Jerusalem in 1 099, slaughtered the Jews and Muslims without regard for age or gender, but merely because of their religion. (116) 3. Genesis Khan used brute force to conquer his enemies. He would destroy empires and steal riches afterwards. Chablis Khan, however, was no Genesis Khan.Chablis, even without the military skills of his grandfather, had clearly outsmarted everyone in his family. He possessed a keen strategic talent and he ability to have, and implement, good ideas he applied these skills to the management of his territory, and its expansion toward the south. In the end, he proved able to achieve though public politics what his grandfather had not been able to achieve through brute force the conquest and unification of all Chine, the most populous country on earth. (195) 4. Traditionally, merchants were accorded a relatively low social status in China.The Mongols, however, had a more favorable attitude toward merchants and commerce -? their nomadic way of life, which is much reliant on trade with sedentary peoples, ad caused them to recognize the importance of trade from the very earliest times. Thus, the Mongols worked to improve the social status of merchants and traders throughout their domains. The Mongols always favored trade. Their nomadic way of life caused them to recognize the importance of trade from the very earliest times and, unlike the Chinese, they had a positive attitude toward merchants and commerce.Support for trade characterized not only Mongol policy in China but their policy throughout their domains. The Mongols even tried to introduce paper money -? though this would come merely a failed experiment. Nonetheless, the attempt indicates the desire of the Mongols to provide additional assistance to traders. (250) 5. In the Mongolia Empire, there were common principles/innovations that they created during their rule. Some of these included paper money, international law, diplomatic immunity, primacy of the state over the church, and freedom of religion.These innovations have all led to our advantages in todays contemporary lifestyle Paper money is used all around the world, making it one of the most common forms of currency used worldwide international away is used to keep order and peace for everyone diplomatic immunity is used where there are rulers/leaders, making them immune to lawsuit/ prosecution under that host countrys laws freedom of religion, which is greatly used today, helps prevent religious prosecution in our society, and lets people freely practice and be proud of their beliefs. (236) 6.As the people infected with the bubonic plague died, they infected those around them by violent coughing, sneezing and gasping. When the plague broke out in Mongolia and China, the Mongols brought the disease north with them. The disease was carried by fleas, but, even though they dont normally come in con tact with humans, they traveled in the food crates of the Mongols. Also, China functioned as the manufacturing center of the Mongol World System, and as the goods poured out of China, the disease followed, seemingly spreading in all directions at once.By 1338 the plague crossed from China over the Titan Shaman Mountains. The same Mongol roads and caravans that knitted together the Eurasian world of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries moved more than mere silk and spices. The roads set up by the Mongols for merchants also served as the accidental transfer point for the fleas and, thereby, for the disease itself. With all the luxurious fabrics and more, the caravans brought the fleas that spread the plague from one camp to another, one village to another, one city to another, and one continent to another.In the sixty years from 1340 until 1400, the population of Asia declined from 238 million to 201 million inhabitants, and Europe from 75 million to 52 million. (242-245) 7. Gender the widespread influences from the paper and printing, gunpowder and firearms, and the spread of the navigational compass and other maritime equipment, Europeans experienced a Renaissance, literally a rebirth, but it was not the ancient world of Greece and Rome being reborn It was the Mongol Empire, picked up, transferred, and adapted by the Europeans to their own needs and culture.The paintings shared a common source in the work of Ghetto did Bonded and his disciples. Although the frescoes of the church depicted events from the life of Christ, more than a thousand years before the Mongol Empire, only shortly before Mongol contact, the artists depicted many of their subjects as Mongols or used Mongol dress and cloth for them. The artists placed Mongols in a variety of Christian paintings with their distinctive clothing, headgear, and bows.

Dorothea Orem’ Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing Essay

Description of key points of the surmisalThe self- bursting charge deficit possibility provides a way of looking at and investigating what lactates do (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 102). It speaks to activities that individuals can exercise independently to maintain life, health, and wellbeing. The theory outlines the three different categories of self-c be requisites which is required by all individuals. It revealed that overtime there may be the need to obtain assistance, and make adjustments because of changes in health, development or body image. When there is a self-care deficit, an individual experiences health related limitations and at this point he or she is unable to coiffe tasks independently, and so he or she benefits from nursing care. However, the concept of the nursing system, allows nurses to support individuals according to his or her ability to arrange personal care (Blais & Hayes, p. 102, 2011).Historical reasonDorothea Orem was born 1914 in Baltimore Maryland . She began her nursing career in Washington D.C. and got her diploma in the early 1930s (breast feeding Theories, 2014). She developed the Self-care Deficit nursing Theory SCDNT in 1956 (Alligood, p. 261, 2010). Orems theory highlights self-care as a human need, and allows nurses to develop interventions to encourage self-care. The aim of the theory is to help individuals and their families to maintain control of their health during the continuum of life. Thegeneral theory is referred to as the Self-care deficit theory of nursing and was first published in 1971 (Blais & Hayes, p. 102, 2011). Orems idea of an individuals independence is manifested in her sub theories self-care, self-care deficit and nursing systems (Kozier, Erb, Berman, & Snyder, 2004). The self-care theory is further broken down into four ideas self-care which refers to how individuals can help themselves, self-care agency the potential of the person to perform care, self-care requisites are the actions that ar e interpreted to perform self-care, and the therapeutic self-care demand all the actions employed to maintain health (Kozier, et al, 2004). For persons who are unable to act as self- care agents, the nursing system adequately supports them so that their needs can be met.Explain how the selected theorists approach to each element of the metaparadigm applies to the followingNursing practiceNursing cultureNursing researchTermDefinitionApplied to Nursing PracticeApplied to Nursing EducationApplied to Nursing ResearchPerson gibe to Nursing Theories (2014), In Orems nursing theory a person is defined as the recipient of care who has the potential for learning and development. A person can engage in deliberate actions, interpret experiences and perform beneficial actions (para 2) With the use of Orem theory, the nurse is able to identify the patients developmental level and the care that is required. The theory allows autonomy for nursing as a profession through the continuous use of ev idence based practice in decision making.Through education, counterweight is maintained in nursing practice. Patients are allowed primary control over their health although health care providers assist with education, promote and encourage healthy practices, and modus vivendi modification. According to Bernier (2002) Orems Theory guides nursing practice with theoretical concepts and goal setting providing a foundation upon which nurses can question the practice and expand the course for nursing research (p. 384-90).HealthOrems definition of health was similar to that of the World Health organization. (Nursing Theories, 2014). According to Nursing Theories (2014), health is state of physical, mental, and social eudaimonia and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity (para 5).As the theory applies to health and the nursing practice, it reflects patients self-care limitations. However, it permits judgments to be made so that the appropriate plan of care can be created, adminis tered, and the benefits reaped by the patients. The theory also allows patients to use self-care to maintain optimal health and independence while nurses perform primary evaluation and machine the nursing process to meet other needs in order of priority.The nurse has an important, and possible challenging role at this moment. However, to improve health, it is important that patients are amend about current illness and the plan of care that will be performed so that optimal health can be restored. Education on medication regimen is important because it encourages compliance with treatment and increases knowledge on maintenance of good health. Orems theory impacts health, and boost nursing research through the gathering and analyzing of patients data. The information that is collected is used appropriately to measure the nursing care that can be implemented to improve an individuals health.NursingNursing is a personal service that help individuals to identify and develop ways to hel p or care for them self (Nursing Theories, 2014). Orem theory encourages patient nurse relationship, care being the primary focus andthe ultimate goal is health restoration. It encourages patient independence while holistic care is administered through constant reassessments. A plan of care is implemented through evidence based practice, and a comprehensive assessment performed using the self-care requisites. Through supportive education, nurses are able to substantiate patients as self-care agency. This is done primarily through teaching and guiding. Patients are encouraged to voice concerns, and together nurses and patients explore the most appropriate choices that will enhance the heal process. Nurses ensure that there is a collaboration by making self-care agents provide input into decision making. Through Orems control operations, nurses evaluate the quality and measurement of self-care that the self-care agent is able to perform, and judge the effectiveness of the measures (Alligood, p. 268, 2010). Through evidence based practice, plan of care is revised, and corrective measures are put in place. purlieuEnvironment is the surrounding of an individual that affects his or her capability to perform self-care tasks (Nursing Theories, 2014). Self-care is a learned behavior and it is influenced by an individuals environment. For an individual to be able to perform self-care, he or she has to be in an environment that is conducive to such act, while he or she is provided with psychological support. To promote self-care, it is important that individuals are educated about their environment and tools that are available to help with the maintenance of health. Through education patients are able to practice self-care, while nurses monitor and regulate his or her actions. An individual health status is influenced by his or her environment. With the aid of the patient and involved family members, information about the individuals environment can be gathered and t he necessary plan of care implemented.ReferencesAlligood, M. R. (2010). Nursing Theory Utilization and Application (4th ed.). Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database Bernier, F. (2002). Applying orems self-care deficit theory of nursing to moderation care Part 2. Urologic Nursing, 22(6), 384-90. Blais, K. K., &Hayes, J. S. (2011). Professional Nursing Practice Concepts and Perspectives (6th ed.). Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman, A., & Snyder, S. (2004). Fundamentals of Nursing concepts, process, and practice (7th ed.). Upper saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Education, Inc., Nursing Theories. (2014). Biography of Dorothea Orem. Retrieve from http//nursingtheories.info/dorothea-orem-self-care-deficit-nursing-theory/ Nursing Theories. (2014). Dorothea Orem Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory. Retrieve from http//nursingtheories.info/dorothea-orem-self-care-deficit-nursing-theory/

Introduction To Top Glove Corporation Berhad Essay

top glove locoweed was Started In 1991 In the Beginning Top manus familiarity had just 1 Factory 3 Production lines and 100 Staff, that Now it Has Become the Most Successful and Largest synthetic base hit Glove manufacture resulting in 25 factories which they had just 1 iodin when they started and instantaneously has 470 Production lines and a capacity to produce 41.1 Billion Gloves per Annum. Top Glove Corpo dimensionn has more than 10 Branches Not In Malaysia but has as well Spread In China and Thailand The Main Activities of Top Glove argon Investment holdings and readiness of Management services. Top Glove atomic number 18 one of the orotundst latex gloves, nitrile, surgical, ho aimhold, Cleanroom,Vinyl and more types of glove Producer and meets High Quality Products and meets the Increasing expectations of the International Top Glove Corpo proportionalityn was Listed 2nd In Malaysian Bourse and within a year It was promoted to the Capital city of Malaysia Kuala Lu mpur Stock Exchange (Bursa Saham) .It consists Sh atomic number 18holder fund worth 1.28Billion with an yearly disorder which is almost 2.31Billion as at financial year ended 31 August 2012.Tan Sri Lim the Founder of Top Glove Achievements has A Huge reference for Companys Success Not Only Tan sri Lim But the Highly Committed and Motivation of Board of film directors Together with 11000 Strong Work Force. Customers ar the Important Factor for Top Glove Company their motive is to Provide High Quality Products with affordable comprise and To Provide them the best customer service. The Company is looking forward To Invest IN R&D IT and Automation to make sure to Improve The Quality and Production Efficiency. Looking At the progressing Top Gloves Objective is to Capture 30% of the Global Market sh are by 2015, (Top Glove, 2013) (EMIS, 2013)1.1 TOP GLOVE CORPORATION VISION AND foreign missionWe Strive to be the Worlds Leading Manufacture with Excellent Quality Glove Products an d Service enrich and Protect Human Lives CORPORATE agency To Be World Class Glove Manufacturer by providing top Quality products withExcellent services through continuous Improvements and Innovation (Top Glove, 2013) 1.2 KEY EXECUTIVES defecate Chai Lim ChairmanKim Meow LeeManaging DirectorCheong Guan LimExecutive DirectorSiew Bee TongExecutive DirectorArshad Bin AyubIndependent Non-Executive Director (Company)1.3 CHAIRMAN LIM WEE CHAI PROFILE(Top Glove Corporation Berhad, 2012)Lim Wee chai is a Malaysian citizen aged 54 He was graduated in Bachelor of Science degree in physics from University Malaya and completed his master degree in parentage administration Sul Ross State University in Texas, United States. Lim wee chai was appointed as a chairman at top glove corporation on quaternate September 2000. Top glove Corporation Berhad was started with only 3 production lines under the Chairman lim wee chai Leadership and visions top glove have draw worlds largest rubber glove produ cers and has captured 25% of the world market share. The company now has more than 23 factories and 457 production lines in Malaysia and on the late(prenominal) counties which are china and Thailand. The Production capacity is to produce 40 billion pieces of gloves per annum, everyplace thousands of customers demand in more than 185 Countries. He has certain 10 awards for his achievements success and contribution towards the Glove Industry (Top Glove Corporation Berhad, 2012)2.0 INTRODUCTION TO HARTALEGA HOLDINGS BERHAD(Hartalega, 2013)Hartalega Berhad Manufacture and sell latex and Nitrile gloves.The companys latex and Nitrile gloves consists of examination and Surgical, Laboratory, Clean room gloves, atomic power plant etc.It also deals in retail and wholesale of gloves, Property leasing research and development of mechanisation systems. Hartalega was established in 1988 with the vision to produce gloves to protect the important thing which is Life, Hartalega Used to beOne lin e operation in the beginning but now it is one of the most largest Company with 53 Production lines, and a capability to produce 12 Billion gloves Per Year. Since the Start, Hartalega every single operation is been consecrate to Tradition of Excellence, they are delivering the best quality through state of the art equipment, high quality system and dedicated workers their products are high recognized completely over the world Hartalega Success isBecause of their loyal customers and Consistent improvements in quality of products, reliable service with efficiency by the culture of open and honest approach to commerce. Hartalega has Huge Market only over the world which are in North America, atomic number 63, Asia, Australia Malaysia Hartalega is the company which has produced a lot types of products compare of its competitors and they are origin one who has produced it which are Polymer Coated Powder-Free Examination Gloves, Low Protein Latex Examination Gloves, Robotic glove str ipping system which helps to strip gloves off from the production lines, first one to produce high-stress relaxation NBR Examination and Surgical gloves, first industry to use oil Palm Empty fruit bunches as biomass fuel to produce mania for production process and Many More products which had produce 1st the Industry. Hartalega has earned a lot of Awards Because of their hard work, dedication and motivation. (Hartalega, 2013) (Businessweek, 2013)2.1 BOARD OF DIRECTORS1. Kuan Kam HonExecutive Chairman and Managing Director2. Chuah Phaik SimIndependent Non-Executive Director3. Dato Mohamed ZakIndependent Non-Executive Director4. Kuan Mun KengNon-Independent Executive Director5. Kuan Mun LeongNon-Independent Executive Director6. Liew Ben PohNon-Independent Non-Executive Director (Haralega, 2012)(Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012)2.2 HARTALEGA CHAIRMAN PROFILE(Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012)Kuan Kam Hon aged 65, Is the Executive chairman and Managing Director atHartalega, he was appointed on May 7, 2007. Kuan Kam Hon is responsible for all business strategic plannings and whole operations in the group including research and development, He started his vocation in the construction company named kuan Yuen & Sons Company which was a well-known construction company in 1970s, in 1981 he formed Hartalega Sdn Bhd Under his leadership Hartalega has now become a reputable producers of latex gloves in the industry in Malaysia and is public listed in bursa Malaysia. He has created a set of Management with Higher standards and encourages creativity and innovation to produce highly-skilled personnel. (Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012)3.0 RUBBER GLOVE INDSUTRY ANALYSISThe rubber demand has been increase rapidly high after the H1N1 Pandemic in 2010. Rubber glove industry is going to witness Lower demand as there is no Huge Disease found in Humans, Plants or Animals since live year, Rubber Glove Industry totally depends on its usage on medical sector, Industry has been facing rece ssion time to time. Malaysia is the largest Producer and exporter of Rubber gloves at present, Malaysian industry of rubber gloves has high Demand all over the world, Top Producers of Rubber gloves are, Top Glove, Supermax, Kossan rubber industry and Hartalega. Malaysian Industry exports to the US, Europe, Latin America, China and India, Us is the largest Importer of Rubber Gloves as their expenditure on health Care has gone high as percentage of GDP Since 2000. UK and European Countries are following the same trend of using more hygienic products.And is expected for early(a) countries as well Demand for Rubber gloves Have change magnitude in Countries like India, China and Brazil in the recent years as they are more concerned to their healthcare and wants to use hygienic Products, Demand for lower-end pulverize latex gloves is high in developing countries who are more cost conscious which is cheaper than powder-free latex and nitrile gloves, The developed countries such as US and Europe prefer to use Powder-free latex and Nitrile gloves. (Koncept Analysis, 2012)4.0 FUTURE OUTLOOK OF RUBBER GLOVE INDUSTRIES4.1 HIGH DEMAND OF GLOVESRubber Glove Industry exit be having long preconditioninusdemand for their products from the highly developed Countries. Emerging economies may possibly drive high future demand as their population is increasing, they are more aware of the importance of hygienic products in medical sectors as will be having high demand of High quality of Healthcare products and services. Health Care Expenditures is increasing for most developed Countries, which has increase demand for gloves, which may affect increase in cost but still ignore be manageable. Gas and Labor cost are expected to be increase In 2013, but no sure if that can make a big impact of Glove market (lee, 2012)4.2 STABLE MARKET SHARE, CAPACITY TO INCREASETop 4 Glove Producers may not become M &A Targets. Kossan Rubber industry may have a chance of being such a target if w e pick among the four Largest Producers. The Rubber Glove Companies are increasing their production capacity to remain in the competition. Annual Capacity growth is expected to be about 18% or 14.2BN pieces in 2013 (lee, 2012)4.3 RISKS INVOVLED IN RUBBER GLOVE INDUSTRIESRubber Glove Industries can face various kinds of risks which are as follows 1. Competitors in this Industry have aggressively expended their capacity plans this can result in an oversupply 2. Sharp instability in latex costs and foreign currencies resulting in near term margin squeeze 3. policy-making Risk, domestic and regional, Glove manufactures source 50% of their raw material from Thailand. Risk is low production of NR latex and lower supply at glove manufacturers 4. Infrastructural bottle necks and Labor Shortages Supply of Malaysias Natural Gas is reached its maximum point to the Glove industries and new allocations are expected to come, any delay in new allocation will become a huge problem for Glove Indu stries for that they have to use alternative fuel for production with higher cost (Michelle Foong, 2012)5.0 fiscal ANALYSIS5.1 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR TOP GLOVE CORPORATION BERHARD5.3 PROFITABLITYProfitability ratios shows that profit earning capacity of a business for the sake of clear understanding advantageousness ratios classified into two categories general profitability ratios and overall profitability ratios, The gross profit margin ratio (or gross margin ratio) provides clues to the companys pricing, cost structure and production efficiency. A low profit margin ratio indicates that low amount of earnings, required to pay fixed costs and profits are generated from revenues. (Thukaram, 2007). Top Glove Corporation gross profit margin has been increased as compare with the profit ratio in 2011 and 2012, 2011 it was 11.44% in 2012 its 16.63 same goes for final profit margin, but with less expenses. Top glove Corporation profit earning capacity has been increased impressivelyPro fitability20122011Gross profit margin lowest profit MarginExpenses margin16,63 9,87 = 6.76%11,44 6,57 = 4.87%5.4 LIQUIDITYLiquidity ratios provides information on the time structure of debt and the firms ability to meet its short term obligation Current ratio is balance-sheet financial performance measure of company liquidity. Current ratio indicates a companys ability to meet short-run debt obligations. The current ratio measures whether or not a firm has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months. Quick ratio is viewed as a sign of a companys financial strength or weakness it gives information about a companys short term liquidity. The ratio tells creditors how much of the companys short term debt can be met by selling all the companys liquid assets at very short notice. (Emilio Colombo, 2006).Liquidity ratios shows ability of the company to pay back its debts which top glove has improvedfrom 3.121 to 2.951 in 2012LIQUIDITY20122011Current ratioQuick Ratio5.5 EFFI CIENCYEfficiency ratios measure how efficiently a firm uses its resources. The average collection flow rate shows the average number of days it takes your business to collect hire for sales to customers on credit, The accounts payable turnover ratio shows how quickly your business pays its bills and how often payables turn over during the year. Trends in the accounts payable turnover ratio demonstrates how your business handles its outgoing payments and can help you assess the cash situation of your business. This efficiency ratios shows that top glove fixed asset turnover has been increased from 2.9 in 2011 to 2.93% in 2012 debtors collection time has also slight more efficient compared to 2011 it was 47 days in 2012 it is 46 days meanwhile creditor payment is facing more delays compared to previous year which was 39days in 2011 turn into 44days in 2012 (Emilio Colombo, 2006)EFFICIENCY20122011Fixed asset turnoverDebtors collectionCreditor paymentStock disturbance5.6 CAPITAL STRU CTURECapital Structure is a mix of a companys long term debt, specific short-term debt, and common rightfulness and preferred equity. The capital Structure is how afirm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. The interest coverage ratio indicates the extent of which earnings are gettable to meet interest payments. A interest cover ratio means less earnings are available to meet interest payments and that the business is more vulnerable to increases in interest rates.Capital Structure20122011Interest CoverGearing ratioINVESTORSFinancial ratios are used to analyze company performance, Return of equities investors is much greater than that applied to debentures may be because this investment class have a huge risk, and run-of-the-mill shareholder are the best group of investors for an organizations. The Price earning ratio for an organization is used to compare the financial position of a company compare to other organizations, this means the better financial position of a company is according to PE Ratios the lower risks is for its investors and shareholders. Organizations which want to expand their dividends will seek to over a large amount of their earnings whereas organizations which have high cash holdings are able to pay higher dividends if they wish to, the relation between dividends and earnings are calculated by dividend cover (Woods, 1999).Investors2012RM0002011RM000ROCEROEEPS0,32770,1829Earning YieldDividend PayoutDividend Retention1 0,478 = 0,521 0,59 = 0,416.0 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR HARTALEGA HOLDINGS BERHAD6.1 PROFITABLITYThese figures shows that Hartalegas gross profit margin was 37.15% In 2011and it is fall in 2012 to 31.85%, Net profit margin is also decreased in 27.9% 2012 which was 33.4% in 2011 it tell that company is underperforming compared to last years performance. But expenses are decreased from 4.75% to 3.95%Profitability20122011Gross profitNet Profit MarginExpenses Margin31,85 27,9 = 3.95% 37,15 32.4 = 4.75%6.2 LIQUIDITYThis Table shows Liquidity of Hartalega Company their ability to pay their debts is Increased compared to 2011 which was 3.631 Now increased to 4.421 in current ratio. If we measure that in quick ratio it also shows anIncrease from 2.811 to 328Liquidity20122011Current RatioQuick Ratio6.3 EFFICIENCYThis table shows The Figures how Efficiently hartalega corporation is using their resources in 2011 their fixed asset turnover was 2.11 which is increased to 2.45% it tells us that and debtors collection halt is decreased from 50 days to 46 days so they are collecting their debts earlier compared to previous year and creditor period in also decreased from 45 days to 35 days they are able to pay back their Creditors earlier than 2011 and stock turnover is also increased from 51 days to 56 days. This table tells us that hartalega is using their resources very efficientlyEfficiency20122011Fixed asset turnoverDebtors collection periodCreditor paymentStock turno ver6.4 CAPITAL STRUCTURECapital Structure20122011Interest CoverGearing RatioINVESTORSInvestors20122011ROCEROEEPS0,2765 pence0,2618 penceEarning YieldDividend PayoutDividend Retention1 0,43 = 0,571 0,29 = 0,717.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONSRubber Glove industry has huge demand in market and in future it will be demanded even more Developed Countries and developing countries are very concerned to use Hygenic products in their medical sectors and so their medical care expenditures will be increasing the demand for Gloves will also be increasing. As For Under developed Countries If there is a hope for them to Increase their Economy and they will also be concerned to use hygienic products like other Developed Countries demand for the Rubber Gloves will go even higher. Malaysia has dominated the Rubber Glove Industry and Is the King of rubber gloves. Top Rubber and latex gloves manufacturing companies are In Malaysia So there is a lot more competition with in Malaysia on this Busine ss and all the companies are trying to improve their capacity top Glove Manufacturing companies In Malaysia are Top Glove and Hartalega which are performing extremely well in this business and their products are demanding all over the world.Malaysian Organizations are the largest world exports of rubber gloves industry where as other countries like Thailand have no aspiration with Malaysian Industries the Biggest Strength of Malaysian industries are their labor production each worker in the rubber glove industry are three propagation more productive than Thailand and Indonesian workers. So there is Nothing to worry about at the moment that some Country Might take over their Market. There are few things Which has to be considered are political relations with other countries, Thailand supplies 50% of Raw Material to make gloves to Malaysia. Any Political append can cause a lot of problems to the Rubber Glove manufactures.BibliographyBusinessweek, 2013. http//investing.businessweek. com. Online Available at http//investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=HARTMK Accessed 7 July 2013. Emilio Colombo, L.S., 2006. Contribution to economics. In M.B. Werner A Muller, ed. Financial Market Imperfections and Corporate Decisions. bare-assed york Physica-Verlag. p.174. EMIS, 2013. http//www.securities.com. Online Available at http//www.securities.com/Public/company-profile/MY/Top_Glove_Corporation_Bhd_en_1663501.html Accessed 7 July 2013. Haralega, 2012. Unlocking Potential. Annual Report. Kuala Lumpur Haralega Holdings Berhad. Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012. Unlocking Potential. Annual report. Kuala Lumpur Hartalega Holdings Hartalega Holdings. Hartalega, 2013. Hartalega.com. Online Available at http//hartalega.com.my. Accessed 7 July 2013. Koncept Analysis, 2012. http//www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2097332/global_rubber_gloves_market_an_analysis_2012. Online Koncept Analsysis Available at http//www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/20973 32/global_rubber_gloves_market_an_analysis_2012 Accessed 8 July 2013. lee, J., 2012. Malaysia Equity. Investment research daily, 1, p.23. Michelle Foong, 2012. Rubber Gloves Gloving the world. Research. Global Market Research Companies. Thukaram, R.M., 2007. Management Accounting. In Management Accounting. 1st ed. New Delhi New Age International(P) Limited Publishers. p.588. Top Glove

Freud’s Model of the Human Mind Essay

Nowadays, it is no doubt that human beings argon suffering from depression and pressure in daily lives. However, most of the people are non conscious of it. Psychologists have been focusing on how these repressed, and subconscious emotions play an functionive role by dint ofout life since the early twentieth century. The Father of Psychology, Sigmund Freud, theorized a governance of cat egorizing individuals mental life into three parts the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the primitive part of a personality that respond directly to the human instinct the ego is the decision-making component, and it develops to satisfy between the lust of the id and the external world the superego is the preconscious part of the personality that deals with clean judgment. Many authors have incorporated this theory into their works by heart and soul of the characters. The novel Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, tells a story about the end of the innocence and the beginning of the s avagery that a group of British children left abandon on a beautiful island after a plane crash, and they were immersed in freedom until the human nature took over. Golding utilizes hole, Ralph, and Piggy who are the primary characters to interpret Freuds concepts of this three types of human personality, respectively.First of all, Jack is the best concerned with the personality suggested by id. He represents the dark side of human nature, and he displays the id mentality through his violent actions. He had tried to maintain civilized before he started hunting. However, it does not remain constant. It fades soon while he is driven by his desires. The authoritarian becomes dominant in his personality. Following his desires, every time the first thing that comes to his mind is always to kill or hurt others. opus Jack and his boys are managing to kill a wild boar, they begin dancing and saying, kill the pig. Cut her throat. Bash her in (Golding 79). This chart indicates the unit des ires among them and it also becomes a symbol of their savagery. It is obviously not a primary need but only meant for fun and pleasure. They are now driven by the innate desire for destruction. Furthermore, according to the pleasure pattern, it seeks to avoid pain and unpleasantness in order to satisfy ones biological and psychological postulate. It is not bad enough to have desires but to act upon it. Jack does so to a mother sow, Jack is on top of the sow, stabbing downward with his knifethe spear moves forward butt by inch and the terrified squealing becomes a high-pitched scream. Then Jack finds the throat and the hot blood spouts over his hands (Golding 149). The imagery and action indicate that Jack does things without thought of any consequences, only for his own impulsive desires. Like the id aims to take over the thought in ones mind without determining the needs of others rather than reality and morality.Secondly, Golding portrays Ralph as an embodiment of ego that make s sure to satisfy all the needs and wants of the id in a way that seems proper in todays world, which means that ego not only interacts with conscious but also the unconscious mind. Ralph is the chief and one of the most influential boys in this weeny society. He constantly acts as a democratic leader that balancing between the id and superego. For instance, realizing Jacks desire of being the chief, Ralph gives him control of the hunting team, Ralph looks at him, eager to offer something. The choir belongs to you, of course.The suffusion drained away from Jacks face (Golding 19). He cares about others feelings and does something realistic that is allowed by the society. At the equivalent time, he fulfills Jacks desire to be a leader to a certain extent. This reasonable action, which is controlled by the ego, also satisfies the urges of id in a socially accepted way. Moreover, Ralph has a strong sense of responsibility. While he is complaining to Piggy that the other boys do not care about the importance of the extract going, he makes a confession, supposing I got to like the othersnot caring. What up become of us (Golding 153). He is more conscious of the society rather than himself. Ralph is a achromatic leader as he identifies the savagery of it and the morality of superego in order to come up with a realistic situation for the public. Like the ego represents the keen aspect of the mind, and maintains peace and stability.To end with, Piggy personifies the concept of superego to carry out the instinctual moral good most of the times. Golding represents Piggy as being more logically and intellectually mature than the others. Acting as the voice of reason, the superego inside his personality moralizes him as a sympathetic and sensible boy and guides him to choose what is morally right. While Jack leads the boys to make noise and rush, Ralph is left, holding the conch, with no one but Piggy (Golding 37). As the mob is full of noise and movement, Piggy do es not fall out Jack in overexcitement, rather he keeps calm and stays with the chief. His superego dominates him to maintain civilization. He displays consistent attention to societal rulings and feels like structure is the most classic thing to the boys. Whatsmore, Piggy is willing to contribute to the society. He is so full of pride in his contribution to the good of society, that he helped to fetch wood (Golding 142). The moral goodness and devoted nature of Piggy come from his instinct human nature. Like the superego meets the ethical standards by which the ego operates.In conclusion,

Hector and Helen Essay

The characters in homers Iliad give birth from time to time afforded a outset class battleground for scholars and students alike. Through parallels, contrasts, and counter positioning of characters and actions, the principle characters have been analyze and objectified as embodi handsts of certain ideals permeating the Greek society. Helen, like Klytaimestra, Pandora, Medea and Phaedra has been portrayed as the exemplar of the females sub-ordination to the irrational particularly sex (Thorton. 84). In her, the destructive specter of a mind dominated by passion and compulsive pleasure endangers men the defenders of the ideals of the polis.Here, the threat posed by Helen is two pronged, that is the irresistible allure of her beauty and the mind confusing fire of sexual lust she ignites on the other hand, the impact of her marriage to Menelaus by Alexandros precipitates a war which degenerates into a tragic contest for honor and glory. In this essay, the relationship among Helen an d Hector will be analyzed with reference the themes outlined above. In the Iliad, Hector is the bulwark of Trojan defense. He is the only thing which stands between the Achaians and victory.Besides Achilles, all the other warriors doubt if they dejection stop him (Il. 15. 639-63. 7 Il. 10. 47-52 Il. 7. 112-114). But Hectors tragedy is that he is destroyed fighting a war he does not believe in. When he harangues Alexandros for scampering away from Menelaus (Il. 3. 35-55), he not only reveals his disaffection with Paris quarrel, but betrays the fact that to him, the war is about honor and duty the Achaians maybe rightly-grieved, but its his lot to uphold his honor by defending the city (Il. 3. 43-45 Il. 3. 56. 57 Il. 6. 265-280).Equally telling are the evocative epithets he employs to describe Alexandros Evil Paris, beautiful, woman-crazy, cajoling, better had you never been borne or killed unwedded to your father a big sorrow, and your city and all your people to your self a thing shameful, but bringing mirth to the enemy. (Il. 3. 35-50) Clearly, its no exaggeration to say that Hector views Helens marriage to Alexandros as a source of trouble, and a union driven by screen door lust. In fact, the impropriety of Helens marriage and the precariousness of her situation are known to all.Priam has to remind her that she is not to blame (Il. 3. 165-170) and Helen knows that her behavior is indefensible Helen shining among women and I aspiration bitter death had been what I wanted, when I came hither following your son, forsaking my chamber, my kinsmen, my grown boor, and the loveliness of the girls my own ageslut that I am. (Il. 3. 170-180) Indeed, it can be said that Helen is a good example of how sexual attractiveness confers on the loved one an obsessive value to the detriment of all other obligations. This, it must(prenominal) be added is Hectors opinion of Paris.another(prenominal) interesting contrast should be pointed out here that to the Trojans, Helen is to blame but to Hector, the blame lies squarely on Paris. A particular look of Helens speech at the funeral Hector suggests this much (Il. 24. 765-770). The falsity of Helens marriage, or rather, the inconstancy of Helens emotions is shown, when we are told that after Iris had informed her that her fate was to be decided in a duel between Paris and Menelaus the goddess left in her heart sweet longing after her husband of time earlier and her city and her parents (Il. 3. 138-140). Here, Helens irrational nature is in full display.Her sexual appetite veers constantly one minute she is longing for her husband of time before (Menelaus), the next moment she is making love to Paris in his bed chamber (its true that they are all under the influence of Aphrodite, but Aphrodite is merely the figure of the irresistible force of sexual excitement). Meanwhile, the women of Troy are up and about, all frantic with fear, some are assembling for prayers at the temple of the grey-eyed Athen e others have gathered around Hector, when he lives the battle field, to ask after husband, brothers and neighbors and the Achaians are dangerously close to the city wall (Il.Book 6).Helen and Paris, it appears, are immune to these consults. This shaft reinforces the theme of the distraction of the masculine mind when sexual appetite is given free reign. Paris it appears is neglecting his obligation to defend the polis. Hector talks of him thus in forward of Hecuba while I go in search of Paris, to call him, if he will listen to anything I tell him. How I wish at this moment the earth might open beneath him. The Olympian let him live, a great sorrow to the Trojans, and high-hearted Priam, and all his children.If only I could see him done for(p) down to the house of the Death God (Il. 6. 280-284) Again Hector shows the same disgust at Paris when he finds him resting in his house with Helen (Il. 6. 326-330). That Helens deviant sexuality is the cause of the ruckus is further reinfo rced in her meeting with Hector at Paris House. Helen calls herself a nasty-bitch evil-intriguing. The evocation of bitch imagery is beta here. Dogs are the domestic beasts most intimate with human life, capable of loyal service.But they also represent unbridled appetite, particularly the female that mates often and indiscriminately (Thornton, 82) hence the word denotes a shamelessness resulting from failure to control ones sexual appetite. Interestingly, Helen voices her thirst for a better man, who knows the bounds of propriety in front of Hector (Il. 6. 350-354). We can only surmise that she still has Menelaus in mind. Again the contrast between Hector and Paris is drawn starkly in this installing Hector rejects Helens entreaties and is eager to assume his rightful role as a defender of the city while Paris has to be persuaded to rejoin the fray (Il.6. 354-363).Another episode of interest elaborates the contrast between Andromache, the embodiment of a perfect wife, and Helen. Andromache appears in the epics most endearing scenes. The tender exchange between Andromache and hector reveals to us the importance marriage and the household had to the wife, the qualities of a good wife, and the place she has in her husband heart. We learn that she is a good house wife, prays for her husband, worries constantly about his fate, loves her child and is completely dependent on her husband.Andromache voices her dependence on Hector thus Hector you are father to me, and my honored mother, you are my brother and you it is who are my teen husband (Il. 6. 429-431) her life, it can be said, is inextricably intertwined with his, and her whole identity is predicated on her status as wife and mother. At the same time, hector love and concern for his wife is patently obvious. In a brief moment of prophetic insight, he contemplates the fall of Troy, the death of his family and the fate of Andromache.In this episode, Hector is moved, not by the future grief of his mother, fat her and brothers, but by the fate of Andromache as a miserable slave. This episode reinforces my previous argument that Hectors tragedy is the conflict between his desire for Heroic honor and glory and his role as the protector of Troy and his family. This desire for honor and glory, which is somehow linked to his pride (Hectors hubris is explored in this sections Il. 8. 535-541 Il. 13. 824-832 Il. 18. 293-309) is what prevents him from liquidating a war which he knows in unjust.In his last soliloquy, Hector admits this much (Il. 22. 95-120). In short, it can be said that the war was precipitated by the rashness of two ill-starred lovers, who failed to reign in their sexual passions. According to the customs, the violation of Menelaus marriage by Paris imposed on him and his kinsmen a duty to revenge his honor which, we are told was the destruction and pillage of Troy. At the time, the ideals of Honor demanded a display of fighting spirit on the part of the Trojans. All this theme s are explored repeatedly in the relationship between hector and Helen.

Project life cycle Essay

Projects are the way through which make believe gets done. Whether big, sm every(prenominal), simple or complex, projects possess assorted common characteristics. Firstly, they have a start and an end. They do non run to infinity. Secondly, they are all unique. They may resemble other earlier projects but they are unique in respective(a) variables. These variables recognise their environment, intent and resources. Thirdly, they lead to the creating deliverables. Finally, they all have resources assign to them. The resources may either be part-time, full-time or a combination of the two. Projects are undertaken by all organisations.Their management coffin nail be done using a common range of project management procedures. Similar project management procedures can be used irrespective of the project being undertaken. Projects must have a definition and a plan. They should also have procedures for management of risks, quality, status and scope. contempt projects being unique, common lifecycle models are applied in building the deliverables. But most crucially, scalable and common project management processes are applied efficaciously on all projects. Regardless of whether one is managing a small or large project, various(a) leadership styles are used.It is very important to understand these styles and their set in order to become a better and more flexible leader. The most common styles are autocratic, bureaucratic, democratic Laissez-faire and people oriented types of leadership. others include servant, task-oriented, transactional and transformational. In a project environment, one requires flexibility in these leadership styles since the various phases have got their specific demands that may be different from the other phases. normal leadership styles and skills Project motorbuss must show two leadership styles transformational and transactional.He should give guidance to the team up by identifying their role and responsibility in the project . He should give inspiration to them in order to finish the projects tasks. It has been established that people with outstanding leadership skills turn out to be fair in management of projects too. This is because they are visionary, motivating and can bring people together. Above all, they have great accomplishments (Bryman, 1986). Project managers must be competent in the projects technology and generally how to manage a business entity.This will lead to mutual respect and confidence between him and the other members of the team and administration. Management skills as well as business management competence are essential. The project manager must use sound management skills reconciled with the organisations management style. The project manager must be alert, quick, a full listener, versatile and above all very flexible. He should be able to adjust any current plan to a better one. Being flexible means having a tough willingness in changing plans to acknowledge current realitie s for the sake of the projects successful utmost.The project manager must be of good ethics and full of energy. He should adjust to working for over forty hours per week. He should also be always available to the various people involved and interact with them. A good project manager must always be interested in facts and possess great optimism with a strong belief that it can be done. He should not assume anything he is not sure of. He should always speak his mind and mean it. In addition, he should regard others as allies and not foes. Respect for other people and acknowledgement of good performance is important. He must always see the bigger picture and keep that perspective.Moreover, he should be interested in knowing why things have to be one in a certain way and not the other. Above all, a good project manager must be both a manager and a leader for a project to be completed successfully (Glanz, 2002). A good project manager must also be a good problem solver. He should be a ble to handle a smudge where he is presented with tough choices to discover. Problem solving will involve recognition of the problem and acknowledging that endeavouring to solve the problem is worthwhile. This has to be done with a positive attitude. The near step is defining the problem and clearly understanding it.The third step involves generating alternative solutions for the problem. Finally, one must narrow garbage down the alternatives after a primitive examination of each of them, and then decide (Heerkens, 2001). The project manager must foster teamwork among the members. The most important resource in a project is the team. It is roughly the people one works with. This team can comprise members from various different departments of the organisation or just one department. The recommended project team comprises members worn-out from different organisations. The team has the following responsibilitiesTo understand the work to be accomplishedPlanning of the activities in detail if need beCompletion of the work assigned within the timeframe, budget, and the desired qualityInforming the manager about scope changes, risk, issues and quality concernsProactive communication of status and management of expectations.A team is organize by people who understand their role. They are led by a project manager who is interested in the success of the project. The project manager is vital. He must display a flexible approach in his leadership style (Lewis, 1995). Leadership style and skills through the phasesRegardless of the complexity or scope, all projects go through various phases during their lives. at that place is initiation where output and essential factors of success are defined. The planning phase, whose principal characteristic involves a break down of the project into smaller manageable units. Next is the implementation phase where the planned project is carried out. Finally there is exit phase marking the project completion (Visit Ask, 2004). I nitiation This is the initial stage of the project where a clear definition of the projects scope is done alongside the approach to be active in delivering the required output.This is where the project management team is chosen basing on their experiences and skills. The project leader must be very flexible to allow a change or overhaul of the scope if need arises. His leadership style should be such that it allows contributions of all the team members for the project to run smoothly. This will make use of the various skills, experiences and talents that will go a long way in delivering a high quality output. Planning This stage involves identifying in detail all the tasks and assigning them. It also involves analyzing risk and defining a criterion for successfully completing every deliverable.This is where the definition of the governing process is done. Identification of stakeholders, period of reporting and the channels are agreed. Business Plans are used in this stage. The proj ect manager should be able to assign tasks and responsibilities to the right people basing on their experience, skills and talents. The project leader should be flexible enough not think he is the most knowledgeable and experienced of all the team members. He should do more of coordination since he is good among equals. The governance process of the project should also avoid rigidity to allow free participation of all members of the team.In as much as it is important to adhere to the time schedule, this should not compromise the quality of the output. The team should therefore have an allowance within its stipulated completion of the various tasks. This will involve extending the time for some tasks while reducing it for others. The plans used in the project should also have contingency alternatives to be used in case of failure of the original. This should be done in consultation with other team members and stakeholders and of course the client. Execution and controlling This is wh ere one ensures proper control and execution of project activities.During this phase, the earlier plan is implemented in solving the items of the projects specifications. When developing the product and system, a design that results in a particular set of product requirements is made. Measurement of the convergence is done using prototypes, tests and a review. During the execution stage, a plan for the utmost testing, producing and support is made by the various groups in the organisation. Some of the tools employed during this phase include Milestones Reviews and Business Plan. This is a very sensitive area that needs proper teamwork. Models and prototypes are developed and tested.There should be flexibility to allow improvement of the prototype. Again, the skills, talents and experience of the team members should be used for the sake of a good quality project output. Closure This is the final stage of the project. The manager ensures the project is completed properly. A formal p roject review report is written. It involves the client officially accepting the product, comparing the client specifications with those of the product. Other contents include a reward to the team, lessons learned, release of the projects resources and an official closing notification to the top management.Conclusion Project management is an important aspect of many organisations. It is therefore important that these projects deliver their desired results within the stipulated period of time. This calls for teamwork among the stakeholders, clients and the project team members. Most importantly, the project team needs to work together. The team leader must therefore ensure the team works together harmoniously. He should therefore adopt a flexible style in leadership to accommodate all the skills, talents and experiences of the members. This will ensure that good quality output is delivered at the end of the project.